Individualistic and Traditionalistic Cultures in Texas Essay -- Politi

Texas is an intricate state with deep roots embedded in limited government authority. Almost all, Texans, favor the limited government between citizens and state. The two most important cultures in Texas are individualistic and traditionalistic culture. Individualistic views are summoned by limited government and that politics are the root of malicious acts, and is usually responded with negative reactions from the community. The individualistic cultures’ vision is egotistical for ones self-interest. The individualistic culture is viewed as priority in private independent business rather that those of the community as a whole. Unlike individualistic views, traditionalistic culture is motioned by conservatism. This cultures vision is supported by the common wealth of society’s privileged. Its beliefs are usually of distrust in its bureaucracy. Traditionalistic culture maintains an obligation to its family hierarchy. The traditionalistic subculture has a lower vo ting turn out rate compared to the opposition. These distinctive cultures were bestowed upon Texans in the 1800’s, when Texas was changing into a diverse and demographically society. Individualistic and traditionalistic cultures are the outline of ideology and certainty to the way Texas government is administrated. This has a huge impact on the way the Texas structures its government and why people support such a structure. And Texas is viewed as both subcultures. Individualistic subculture was based out of the â€Å"Middle East Atlantic states (Elazar)† and migrated towards the west in hopes of establishing a limited government course and eventually settling in Texas. Texas is a prominent state that stays true to its strict views about reduced government. So it i... ...neth M. Goldstein, and William G. Howell. "Chapter 20 The Social and Economic Milieu of Texas Poltics." Understanding American Politics and Government. Texas ed. New York: Longman, 2010. 690-93. Print. Elazar, Daniel. "Explaining Policy Differences Using Political Culture." Reading. West Texas A&M University. Political Culture Handout. Dr. Dave Rausch, Teel Bivins Professor of Political Science. Web. 23 Mar. 2011. Newell, Charldean. "Inflexibility, Traditionalism, and Partisanship: The Texas Response to New Federalism." Review. Annual Review of American Federalism 12 (1981 (1983): 185-95. Publius. Oxford University Press. Web. 23 Mar. 2011. "Texas Politics - Texas Political Culture." Welcome to Texas Politics. University of Texas at Austin, 2011. Web. 15 Mar. 2011. .

Can We Trust Our Emotions In The Pursuit Of Knowledge?

Mankind shares psychological phenomena known as emotion that is a natural state of mind deriving from a person. 1 By means of this special ability, trusting our emotions in the pursuit of knowledge can be questioned, as it is a circumstance that involves only an individual, there might be an increasing chance of being invalid. This generalization can be countered by the fact there can be influences of emotion in pursuing knowledge in many cases such as in two particular Areas of Knowledge: History and Natural Science.As such, the knowledge issues rose: To what extent does emotion hinder our acquisition of knowledge? This question examines what role emotion play in the pursuit of knowledge and whether or not emotion is a source of knowledge or otherwise, an obstacle to knowledge. In history, the sense of trusting emotions in the process of knowledge acquisition in History as a discourse is rarely ideal. The explanation for this is that emotions can wrongly paint our perceptions for pr oofs to prop historical facts and events.When referring to emotions, it is possible to develop a negative attitude from the evidence presented. There can be of a lot of benefits of the study in history discourse. History aids in understanding what is being studied, give insight of who did it and the approximate or the actual period a study or event occurred. Emotions restrain and influence rationality and thereby leading to distorted history and false facts. An example of emotion is probable forces involving the trial David Irving Vs.Deborah Lipstadt and Penguin publishers. David was accused of being a racist and anti-Semitic by claiming that Holocaust never happened. During a trial, he came up with the evidence to prop his claim that Holocaust never happened. In his evidence, he claimed that there was no official plan or policy to put the Jewish race into termination though there was a proof of the Wansee conference where the Nazis met to plan against the Jews.In the trial, the cou rt was also notified that he used to sing a racist song to his daughters2and based on this fact therefore, one can deduct that he had confirmation biasness owing from his emotions (hatred), towards Jewish race. This biasness therefore, masked the facts of the Holocaust causing the defendant to see things from one dimension which impacted on his judgment and reasoning. Irving was even consistence in his bias by claiming that the gas chambers were not met to exterminate humans but was for delousing. This claim was then discredited by doctors and remained as a conflictive issue.From this point therefore, emotions are not trustworthy in the process of acquisition of knowledge in history. Whilst emotions may negatively impact the history leading to distortion, some emotions can have a positive impact on history as a discourse. These emotions of liking and enthusiasm towards an event, thing, place or group may make one develop the sense of searching for more knowledge concerning the subje ct and therefore this leads to one quest for unearthing the deep hidden facts on the subject and hence producing facts require in History.Example here is: it is the deep sense of belonging and deep feeling of enthusiasm that led to the Egyptians Hussein Bassir, Ahmad Faschri, Sami Gabra, Zakaria Goneim, Labib Habachi among others venture into Egyptology (Study of ancient Egypt). 3 That affection gives these individuals challenges for unearthing more artifacts for ancient history that helps articulate the pieces of Ancient Egypt history and hence an example of positive contribution of emotion to history. 4 In natural science, emotions also may impact the acquisition for knowledge to a great extent.In pharmacology for example, a negative attitude of a researcher in determining the medicinal value, toxicity and the dosage of a certain physiologically active compound (P. A. C. ) from a given herbal might lead to biased research. This has the potential to lead to wrong administrations of bioassays and test of the very same dosage that may lead to negative result even if the P. A. C. is present in large quantities, the result are then pre-set to read negative due to the attitude of the researcher that is likely to affect his dexterity, carefulness and also  perception.This finally leads to a wrong conclusion that in the real sense lacks scientific approval or disapproval as the biasness brought about by emotions led to successive blunders in the following of scientific syntaxes and therefore wrong conclusion and results at the long run. A perfect example to this is a certain Biology class in High Ridge High school where, students were asked to observe different cells in blood samples under a light microscope.The students first perceived that one could not visualize blood cells since it was their first time to do so and more so did it against their wish of using the new microscopes as opposed to the old ones they were obliged to use. Due to the inbuilt feeling that the old microscopes were not as efficient as the new ones therefore, the students smeared their specimen on a slide and then mounted it on a microscope without staining the specimen and hence could not visualize blood cells.In their report to the respective tutor, the students wrote that there was absence of blood cells and the test was negative. The truth of the matter was the negative emotion of being denied the chance to use new microscope outflanked the result orientation in the minds of the students to the extent that they forgot the most crucial step that could lead to success of their scientific activity. Emotions, i. e.attitude, love, hatred, happiness, moods, affection and all others are not worth trust in the process of knowledge acquisition be it in History as a field of discourse, philosophy, natural sciences and even language since the perception of emotions occurs in brain and the knowledge acquisition still occurs in brain and therefore, negative conception of a cert ain idea might lead to biasness that might distort the much required fact either in history research or in natural science.Emotions mask one’s rationality to reason as per the expectations and therefore in that sense impair ones judgment. In the two cases that we have examined, Irving failed to acknowledge the eventuality of Genocide in Germany by the Nazi regime and went further to claim that the murderous gas chambers used were for delousing and not killing humans. Secondly, due to the preset emotions of the students, they fail to stain their specimens and this leads them to wrong results and subsequently conclusions owing to their negative attitude towards using old microscopes as opposed to new ones.The error that occurs is not as attribute of the microscopes but students’ ignorance and negative attitude. It is worth a note also that emotions are not always detrimental to acquisition of knowledge but at times beneficial to the process of knowledge acquisition if at all they are positive as per the case of patriotic Egyptians in their career as Egyptologist. Can we trust our emotions in the pursuit of knowledge? Mankind shares psychological phenomena known as emotion that is a natural state of mind deriving from a person. 1 By means of this special ability, trusting our emotions in the pursuit of knowledge can be questioned, as it is a circumstance that involves only an individual, there might be an increasing chance of being invalid. This generalization can be countered by the fact there can be influences of emotion in pursuing knowledge in many cases such as in two particular Areas of Knowledge: History and Natural Science.As such, the knowledge issues rose: To what extent does emotion hinder our acquisition of knowledge? This question examines what role emotion play in the pursuit of knowledge and whether or not emotion is a source of knowledge or otherwise, an obstacle to knowledge. In history, the sense of trusting emotions in the process of knowledge acquisition in History as a discourse is rarely ideal. The explanation for this is that emotions can wrongly paint our perceptions for pr oofs to prop historical facts and events.When referring to emotions, it is possible to develop a negative attitude from the evidence presented. There can be of a lot of benefits of the study in history discourse. History aids in understanding what is being studied, give insight of who did it and the approximate or the actual period a study or event occurred. Emotions restrain and influence rationality and thereby leading to distorted history and false facts. An example of emotion is probable forces involving the trial David Irving Vs.Deborah Lipstadt and Penguin publishers. David was accused of being a racist and anti-Semitic by claiming that Holocaust never happened. During a trial, he came up with the evidence to prop his claim that Holocaust never happened. In his evidence, he claimed that there was no official plan or policy to put the Jewish race into termination though there was a proof of the Wansee conference where the Nazis met to plan against the Jews.In the trial, the cou rt was also notified that he used to sing a racist song to his daughters2and based on this fact therefore, one can deduct that he had confirmation biasness owing from his emotions (hatred), towards Jewish race. This biasness therefore, masked the facts of the Holocaust causing the defendant to see things from one dimension which impacted on his judgment and reasoning. Irving was even consistence in his bias by claiming that the gas chambers were not met to exterminate humans but was for delousing. This claim was then discredited by doctors and remained as a conflictive issue.From this point therefore, emotions are not trustworthy in the process of acquisition of knowledge in history. Whilst emotions may negatively impact the history leading to distortion, some emotions can have a positive impact on history as a discourse. These emotions of liking and enthusiasm towards an event, thing, place or group may make one develop the sense of searching for more knowledge concerning the subje ct and therefore this leads to one quest for unearthing the deep hidden facts on the subject and hence producing facts require in History.Example here is: it is the deep sense of belonging and deep feeling of enthusiasm that led to the Egyptians Hussein Bassir, Ahmad Faschri, Sami Gabra, Zakaria Goneim, Labib Habachi among others venture into Egyptology (Study of ancient Egypt). 3 That affection gives these individuals challenges for unearthing more artifacts for ancient history that helps articulate the pieces of Ancient Egypt history and hence an example of positive contribution of emotion to history. 4 In natural science, emotions also may impact the acquisition for knowledge to a great extent.In pharmacology for example, a negative attitude of a researcher in determining the medicinal value, toxicity and the dosage of a certain physiologically active compound (P. A. C. ) from a given herbal might lead to biased research. This has the potential to lead to wrong administrations of bioassays and test of the very same dosage that may lead to negative result even if the P. A. C. is present in large quantities, the result are then pre-set to read negative due to the attitude of the researcher that is likely to affect his dexterity, carefulness and also  perception.This finally leads to a wrong conclusion that in the real sense lacks scientific approval or disapproval as the biasness brought about by emotions led to successive blunders in the following of scientific syntaxes and therefore wrong conclusion and results at the long run. A perfect example to this is a certain Biology class in High Ridge High school where, students were asked to observe different cells in blood samples under a light microscope.The students first perceived that one could not visualize blood cells since it was their first time to do so and more so did it against their wish of using the new microscopes as opposed to the old ones they were obliged to use. Due to the inbuilt feeling that the old microscopes were not as efficient as the new ones therefore, the students smeared their specimen on a slide and then mounted it on a microscope without staining the specimen and hence could not visualize blood cells.In their report to the respective tutor, the students wrote that there was absence of blood cells and the test was negative. The truth of the matter was the negative emotion of being denied the chance to use new microscope outflanked the result orientation in the minds of the students to the extent that they forgot the most crucial step that could lead to success of their scientific activity.Emotions, i. e.  attitude, love, hatred, happiness, moods, affection and all others are not worth trust in the process of knowledge acquisition be it in History as a field of discourse, philosophy, natural sciences and even language since the perception of emotions occurs in brain and the knowledge acquisition still occurs in brain and therefore, negative conception of a c ertain idea might lead to biasness that might distort the much required fact either in history research or in natural science.Emotions mask one’s rationality to reason as per the expectations and therefore in that sense impair ones judgment. In the two cases that we have examined, Irving failed to acknowledge the eventuality of Genocide in Germany by the Nazi regime and went further to claim that the murderous gas chambers used were for delousing and not killing humans. Secondly, due to the preset emotions of the students, they fail to stain their specimens and this leads them to wrong results and subsequently conclusions owing to their negative attitude towards using old microscopes as opposed to new ones.The error that occurs is not as attribute of the microscopes but students’ ignorance and negative attitude. It is worth a note also that emotions are not always detrimental to acquisition of knowledge but at times beneficial to the process of knowledge acquisition if at all they are positive as per the case of patriotic Egyptians in their career as Egyptologist.

The Haitian Revolution Of 1791 - 1317 Words

The Haitian Revolution To say that all men are born and created equally is an understatement to say the least. Speaking morally, yes. But in reality, no. Especially if you are someone of African descent lost in the diaspora. Case in point, the Haitian Revolution. Holding someone against their will and forcing them into slavery is wrong. To force an unfair and unjustified debt upon a people for fighting for their freedom and winning is double wrong and equally as bad as slavery. It goes as a slap in the face to those who have did nothing wrong other than be born onto a world where the color of their skin and the content of you culture is scrutinized and is used as a reason for those of the dominate society to place a†¦show more content†¦Producing sugar, coffee, cocoa, indigo, cotton, sisal, tobacco, fruits and vegetables all for the consumption of France gave it its title as the richest colony in the history of the world. The island was made up of four different but distinct groups. They are: The whites, the free people of color, the black slaves and the maroons. The whites were mostly French and numbered about 20,000 and they were divided into two main groups: The planters and the petit blancs. The planters were the wealthy whites that own plantations and slaves. The second and less powerful group known as the petit blancs was made up of shop keepers, artisans, merchants, teachers, and different middle and underclass whites. The petit blancs often had slaves but not that many as the planters. Both groups were committed to slavery and anti-black; they seen free blacks as a serious economic and social competitor. Next you have the free people of color. They ranged in the number of 30,000. Half of which were mulattoes, children of the slave owners and slave women. The other half were black slaves who were 500,000 strong, who had purchased their own freedom or was given freedom by their masters. The free blacks were wealthy and that really didn’t sit well with the petit blancs. Lastly, the maroons. They were a large group of run-away slaves who lived deep in the mountains and the kept alive the African ways and traditions like voodoo. Maroons

What Is Java Computer Programming Language

Java is a computer programming language. It enables programmers to write computer instructions using English-based commands instead of having to write in numeric codes. It’s known as a high-level language because it can be read and written easily by humans. Like English, Java has a set of rules that determine how the instructions are written. These rules are known as its syntax. Once a program has been written, the high-level instructions are translated into numeric codes that computers can understand and execute. Who Created Java? In the early 90s, Java, which originally went by the name Oak and then Green, was created by a team led by James Gosling for Sun Microsystems, a company now owned by  Oracle. Java was originally designed for use on digital mobile devices, such as cellphones. However, when Java 1.0 was released to the public in 1996, its main focus had shifted to use on the internet, providing interactivity with users by giving developers a way to produce animated web pages. However, there have been many updates since version 1.0, like J2SE 1.3 in 2000, J2SE 5.0 in 2004, Java SE 8 in 2014, and Java SE 10 in 2018. Over the years, Java has evolved  as a successful language for use both on and off the internet.   Why Choose Java? Java was designed with a few key principles in mind: Ease of Use: The fundamentals of Java came from a programming language called C. Although C is a powerful language, it is complex in its syntax  and inadequate for some of Javas requirements. Java built on and improved the ideas of C to provide a programming language that was powerful and simple to use.Reliability: Java needed to reduce the likelihood of fatal errors from programmer mistakes. With this in mind, object-oriented programming was introduced. When data and its manipulation were packaged together in one place, Java  was robust.Security:  Because Java was originally targeting mobile devices that would be exchanging data over networks, it was built to include a high level of security. Java is probably the most secure programming language to date.Platform Independence: Programs need to work regardless of the machines theyre being executed on. Java was written to be a portable and cross-platform language that doesnt care about the operating system, hardware, or devices t hat its running on. The team at Sun Microsystems was successful in combining these key principles, and Javas popularity can be traced to it being a robust, secure, easy to use, and portable programming language. Where Do I Start? To start programming in Java, you first need to download and install the Java development kit. After you have the JDK installed on your computer, theres nothing stopping you from using  a basic tutorial to  write your first Java program. Heres some more information that should be helpful as you learn more about the basics of Java: How to Use Comments in JavaWhat Is a Java  Parameter?What Are Java Declaration Statements?What Is a Java Method Signature?Java Is Case SensitiveWhat Does Aggregation Mean in Java?

Use Of Rational Emotive Imagery ( Rei ) - 1518 Words

Therapists also address the emotional problems and solutions with the client. A tool they use to do this is called Rational Emotive Imagery (REI) (Corey, 2013. p 275). What REI entails is a client imagining a very disturbing circumstance during therapy, and describing the emotions to the therapist. The therapist then teaches the client how to change negative and irrational emotions to positive ones. The client and therapist can also role play a difficult situation. They practice these techniques so when a situation comes up in real life, the client is equipped to handle the situation in an emotionally rational way (Nesbit, 2015). Shame attacking exercises are another important component to addressing irrational emotional beliefs. Ellis believed that we ought to refuse to feel ashamed because this is where a lot of limiting thoughts and emotions stem from. Getting rid of feelings of shame takes the form of homework. A client is instructed to act in a foolish way in public until they realize that people are generally uninterested in others’ foolish comments, appearances, etc. (Corey, 2013 p 274) REBT, of course, addresses the behavioral component in therapy as well. The tools that address behavior have largely already been discussed. For example, in cognitive homeworks, the client is instructed to change a behavior and the thoughts about that event. Other behavioral skills clients and therapists work to build is the ability to relax oneself (Corey, 2013. p 276) and grantingShow MoreRelatedRational Emotive Behavior Therapy1605 Words   |  7 PagesRational Emotive Behavior Therapy Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a form of Cognitive Behavior Therapy created by Albert Ellis. REBT was one of the first types of cognitive therapies and was first called rational therapy. In 1959 the name was changed to Rational Emotive Therapy and did not get its current name, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, until 1992. REBT is based on believing that feeling upset is not caused by an event but rather our beliefs toward the event that upsetsRead MoreThe Goals Of The Group Therapy987 Words   |  4 Pagesnot cause our problems, but their understanding of these events causes their problems. Through group sessions, members acquire the knowledge to discriminate between irrational thinking and rational thinking. Next, members become skilled at replacing unproductive ways of thinking with effective and rational cognitions. Through the group process, members are taught to stop absolutistic thinking, blaming, and repeating false beliefs. Finally, members are required to be committed and to put intoRead MoreCounselling Report on Depression2568 Words   |  11 Pagesunconditional positive regard for Mei Ling that is where Mei Ling will feel warmth, liking and the respect for the acceptance of what she is. The counsellor empathically understands Mei Ling’s internal frame of reference. In additio n, the counsellor uses attending behavior such as eyes contact, learning forward, not crossing her arms and legs when talking or listening to Mei Ling’s problems. Approach The person-centered approach maintains that three core conditions provide a climate conduciveRead MoreCounselling Report on Depression2559 Words   |  11 Pagesunconditional positive regard for Mei Ling that is where Mei Ling will feel warmth, liking and the respect for the acceptance of what she is. The counsellor empathically understands Mei Ling’s internal frame of reference. In addition, the counsellor uses attending behavior such as eyes contact, learning forward, not crossing her arms and legs when talking or listening to Mei Ling’s problems. Approach The person-centered approach maintains that three core conditions provide a climate conducive toRead MoreA Healthy And Strong Toolbox Of Coping Strategies Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pagestools and strategies to be able to do just that. In turn, having coping mechanisms for when I am impatient or stressed would help me maintain a more relaxed and fulfilled life. Techniques. I learn best by having tangible and concrete experiences to use as examples. Therefore, I think that the techniques associated with CBT would be quite impactful because a majority of them are centered around psychoeducation and kinesthetic interventions. A very uncomfortable yet useful technique would be Stress

BADM 3601 †Operations Management Assignmen Free Essays

Caroline Walsh BADM 3601 – Operations Management Assignment # 4? Due: Monday November 12th ? 5:00 PM (a) Â  A study? aid desk manned by a graduate student has been established to answer student’s questions and help in working problems in your OM course. The desk is staffed eight hours per day. The dean wants to know how the facility is working. We will write a custom essay sample on BADM 3601 – Operations Management Assignmen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Statistics show that students arrive at a rate of four per hour, and the distribution is approximately Poisson. Assistance time averages 10 minutes, distributed exponentially. Assume population and line length can be infinite and queue discipline is FCFS. Using this information, answer the following questions. i. Calculate the percent of utilization of the graduate student P= 4/6 = 2/3 = . 6667 percent utilization ii. Determine the average number of students in the system ?= 4 per hour ?= 6 students helped an hour Ls= 4/ 6-4 = 4/2 = 2 students in the system on average. iii. Calculate the average time in the system Ws= 1/ 6-4 = ? = . 5 hours average time in the system iv. Find out the probability of four or more students being in line or being served P0= 1 – 4/6 = 1- 2/3 = . 33 probability that there are 4 or more students being in line or being served. . Before a test, the arrival of students increases to five per hour on the average. ?Compute the average number of students waiting under this scenario. Lq= 4^2 / 6 (6-4) = 16/ 12= 1. 33 student waiting in line on average. (b) Â  What are the three characteristics of a waiting? line system? 1. Arrivals or inputs to the system: these have characteristics such as population size, behavior, and a statistical distribution. 2. Queue discipline, or the waiting line itself: characteristics of the queue include whether is it limited or unlimited in length and the discipline of people or items in it. . The service facility: its characteristics include its design and the statistical distribution of service times. —————————————————————————————– Question 2. Radovilsky’s Department Store in Haywood, California, maintains a successful catalog sales department in which a clerk takes orders by telephone. If the clerk is occupied on one line, incoming phone calls to the catalog department are answered automatically by a recording machine and asked to wait. As soon as the clerk is free, the party who has waited the longest is transferred and serviced first. Calls come in at a rate of about 12 per hour. The clerk can take an order in an average of 4 minutes. Calls tend to follow a Poisson distribution, and service times tend to be exponential. The cost of the clerk is $10 per hour, but because of lost goodwill and sales, Radovilsky’s loses about $25 per hour of customer time spent waiting for the clerk to take an order. ?= 12 ? = 15 (a) What is the average time that catalog customers must wait before their calls are transferred to the order clerk? Wq= 12/ 15 (15-12) = . 2667 average time to wait before transferred (b) What is the average number of callers waiting to place an order? Lq = 12^2 / 15 (15- 12) = 3. 2 average number of callers waiting to place an order (c) Radovilsky’s is considering adding a second clerk to take calls. The store’s cost would be the same $10 per hour. Should it hire another clerk? Explain your decision. Yes they should hire another clerk because the customer average wait time and average number of callers waiting to place an order indicate that a second representative is needed. How to cite BADM 3601 – Operations Management Assignmen, Essay examples

Business Communications Write an Effective Business Email

Question: Discuss about the Business Communications for Write an Effective Business Email. Answer: Introduction Do you people ever feel that you have been underappreciated for the ideas or performances you have delivered? What could be the reason behind that? Partial Behaviour, Yes, may be sometimes but not every time. What I feel is, the strong reason behind this could be that sometimes we are not able to communicate effectively and convey our message to its full potential. I will be talking about effective business communication today with the main concern on how to write an effective email for business purposes. You people already know the importance of emails in business and many of you must be aware of the basics. Today I will enhance your knowledge on the same which might help you be gain effective outcome from your emails. Like I, some of you might have tried to search out best methods to impress your bosses, but possessing a hunger to grab attention I have researched little more on the same. The main topics that I will cover up today are General Etiquette Organization of an email Form and tone of the messages Now I will start convincing you on the proper etiquettes for writing your business emails (Angell Heslop 2014). Transition: Let me begin with the very first point General Etiquettes General Etiquettes you must follow while sending an Email Be sensible and aware of the mail you are forwarding (Azar 2011) You must try to identify that the email you are sending does not contains any kind of viruses which could harm the receivers system (Shmerling 2006). For example: If your system is injected with some kind of viruses such as Trojan or others it could append with the email you are sending as internet catches the viruses easily (Killen Killen 2012). The messages should not be altered which are being forwarded or reported. Every message must be read very carefully before you click on the send button. Proofreading should be done at least twice to check for any grammatical errors or punctuation errors (Lester 2007). The names spellings must be double-checked (Hugh Pollard 2008) Signature block must be checked in case you are replying, as be sure message is sent to Catharine and not Kathryn or Kathy. Date, Times and their combinations must be checked carefully For example: If any meeting has been mentioned in the email, be sure of checking the date and time Every hyperlink included in the email must be tested. Be sure that the hyperlink is accurate and active (Hugh Pollard 2008). Proofread your paragraphs backwards This helps to catch incomplete sentences in the email by disassociating you from the actual content. Be sure of indicating the Time Zone (In case receptor is in different time zone). For example: If you have mentioned in the mail that Meeting has been scheduled at 10 a.m. then a confusion should not be there about the zone as whether 10a.m. according to Eastern Time or Pacific Time (Lannon 2007). Transition: Now I have informed you about the General Etiquettes. Lets come to the second point Parts of an email. Organization of an email How to greet while sending a business email Using a name while greeting (Moore 2004) It should help in developing a connection amid you and reader Impresses the reader in a professional way Decision for title (Marr 2004) If a formal mail: Use Ms or Mr. Example: Ms Smith If informal: Just use the first name Example: Hello Rachel If casual mail: Do not use any title just full name of the person Closing Words Choice (Hugh Pollard 2008) The best and commonly used is Regards. Also Sincerely is preferable. Use of Punctuation Comma after closing is must Example: Regards, Information regarding signature blocks (Hugh Pollard 2008) Do not use more than four to five lines Should be positioned at the last This helps receiver to find you and they can trace you even the message was forwarded one. Spacing Space while Greeting (Siedle 2006) A double space must be given amid message and the greeting Spacing the main body of the message space amongst line in a single paragraph is single line spacing Two paragraphs must be separated using double line space Paragraphs must not be indented Double line spacing amid closing and last sentence Space while closing Double line spacing amid beginning of the signature block and closing. Single line spacing inside signature block paragraph. Subject Line Importance of Subject Line It grabs the users attention for whether to read the mail or not and how important the mail is. Purpose of Subject Line Helps reader to know what the message is about, by just a simple glance. Acts as a gatekeeper Ensuring email is opened (Siedle 2006) Use good choice of words. Be clear and concise Example: Our Next Steps Do not make any mistakes in grammar and spelling Transition: Now moving to the last but not least main point of todays speech which is the most important part of my training session today. Form and Tone of the messages in the mail Compose a logical mail and maintain a flow Be clear and concise Intention should be written properly and in simple words. Use modern words instead of formal For example: use Attached is instead of Attached hereto please find Do not use unfamiliar words and try to eliminate ambiguity. Do not use long phrases For example: use Now instead of At this point of time Be complete Check every point of information has been included or not Such as: How? Why? When? Where? What? Who? (VanHuss 2007). Be courteous Your words should display a caring attitude and good manners A pleasant and positive tone must be included whenever possible Such as: Your package could not be delivered before 1st May is a negative tone. Use Your package will be delivered as soon as possible after 1st May instead. Use passive voice for communicating bad news Be concrete yet Convincing (Siedle 2006) Mention specific details Use exact fact and figures Use language that is believable Support your own arguments with your point of view Use Bullet Points (Wadsworth 2009) To highlight the important information in the mail To communicate in a concise and clear manner Transition: Now concluding my session for today. Conclusion In this session we have learned about General Etiquettes of writing an effective business mail. Then we learned about organizing different parts of the mail and then it was about tone in your email message. The main idea was to gain maximum from your message in case it is related to some kind of business deals. These skills will help you to convince your reader of the mail to think about your proposal if it about convincing and will also help you to make a good and long lasting impression on the reader. The reader might be convinced to not to ignore any mail which is under your name. So this was all for todays session. I hope you all get a general idea on writing a convincing mail. I can see already some of you are in hurry to draft your first effective email. Goodbye and good luck. References Eunson, B. (2004). Writing and Presenting Reports, Wiley Sons, Brisbane. Angell, D. Heslop, B. (2014). The Elements of E-Mail Style: Communicate Effectively Via Electronic Mail, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts. Azar, B. (2011). Understanding and Using English Grammar, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Killen, R. Killen, A. (2012). Report Writing, Hunter Educational Services, Newcastle, NSW. Lannon, J. 2007, Technical Writing, 7th edn, Longman, New York. Lester, J. D. 2007, Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, 5th edn, Scott, Foresman Co. Glenview, Illinois. Marr, N. (2004), Effective Workplace Writing. CSU Organisational Development. Mc Hugh, S. Pollard, J. (2008). Pitman Business Communication, Pitman, Melbourne. Moore, R. (2004). High-Impact Business Writing: Program Workbook (for video), CareerTrack, Boulder, Colorado. Searles, G. J. (2009). Workplace Communications: The Basics, Allyn Bacon, Boston. Shmerling, L. (2006). Communication in the Workplace, Macmillan, South Melbourne. Siedle, R. (2006). Writing for Business Success, Prentice Hall, Sydney. Smith, D. A. Sutton, H. R. 2014, Powerful Proofreading Skills: Tips, Techniques and Tactics, Crisp, Menlo Park, California. State Services Commission (2009). Write It Right: Better Business Letters for Australians, Shepp Books, Sydney. VanHuss, S. H. (2007). Basic Letter and Memo Writing, 2nd edn, South-Western Publishing Co, Cincinatti. Wadsworth, Y. (2009). Do It Yourself Social Research, Victorian Council of Social Service Melbourne Family Care Organisation, Collingwood, Vic.